The article reflects the results of scientific research conducted to determine the load-bearing capacity of multilayer wall specimens constructed from local limestone materials, as well as their application in masonry and frame buildings located in seismic regions. The test results of the load-bearing capacity and durability of the wall specimens were comparatively analyzed against their theoretical values. The methodology for determining the load-bearing capacity of the walls has been refined. Based on the results obtained, the feasibility of applying these walls has been studied depending on the number of storeys of masonry buildings, as well as the spacing and height of the load-bearing structural elements of frame buildings. Taking into account the results obtained, the analysis conducted, and international experience in this field, recommendations have been developed for the design of multilayer external walls constructed from natural limestones. 

Studies have shown that one of the main directions for reducing the amount of energy consumed by buildings is the use of lighter, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly wall materials in the construction of buildings and structures. In recent years, one such material that has been widely used in global construction practice is polystyrene concrete. The calculation and design of masonry structures made of polystyrene concrete blocks are not regulated by the current design standards in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In scientific studies conducted worldwide, the resistance of polystyrene concrete protective walls to seismic loads has not been sufficiently studied, and regulatory documents have mainly been developed for non-seismic zones. The territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan is located in a region of high seismic intensity. The article reviews the scientific research conducted worldwide on masonry structures, identifies the application areas of protective wall structures made of polystyrene concrete blocks and panels, defines the requirements for materials of protective walls made of polystyrene concrete, and investigates adhesive compositions for masonry using polystyrene concrete products. Methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of blocks and mortar, their strength, and adhesion have been established; the compressive and tensile strength of the mortar and blocks, as well as the adhesion of the mortar to the blocks, have been determined. The use of protective wall structures made of polystyrene concrete blocks in buildings to be constructed in the liberated territories of Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur, as well as in other regions of our country, can ensure the efficient organization of thermal protection of buildings, the use of green energy, and energy savings. 

Ensuring long-term normal operating conditions for buildings and structures has been considered one of the most important issues in all countries, regardless of one or another political system, and it remains a pressing problem today. It is an objective truth that, just as every area in nature is subject to development and dynamics, buildings and structures that are products of human activity are also subject to objective changes and damage due to the influence of a number of factors. Improving the quality of piles used to reinforce the soil (foundation) on which buildings and structures rest is primarily related to factors such as durability and longevity, which are of important practical importance during the long-term operation of buildings and structures. 

The scientific legacy left by professor K.Terzaghi continues to attract the attention of geotechnical scientists, who seek to rigorously test the hypotheses he proposed and experimentally verify their relevance. The author developed a new method and device for simpler and more accurate research on the "sensitivity" of clays during swelling on the same soil sample. This parameter for investigation was proposed in K.Terzaghi's monograph. Our research has shown that the destruction of clay soil structure is associated with the breakdown of cementing bonds that form during prolonged genesis. Tests of natural clay soils under the compression-swelling mode in K.Terzaghi's studies showed that in the absence of lateral expansion, the swelling curve takes the form of a logarithmic curve and the modulus of elasticity for swelling decreases in direct proportion to the external load. Our studies have shown that in various monomineralic clays, a constant equilibrium hysteresis loop is formed by the 4- 5th test cycle in the compression-swelling mode. Experimental and model studies of clay soil shrinkage during drying showed that compression stresses in clays of different mineral compositions fully correspond to the capillary theory, as applied by K.Terzaghi to clay soils. The prospective temperaturemoisture analogy proposed by K.Terzaghi for studying the stressed-deformed state of clay soils has proven to be very relevant. This method has been widely used by the author in studies of the stresseddeformed state of swelling clay soils. In the developed method, instead of the temperature potential, an increasing moisture content energy source is used, represented as energy-active water that physically and chemically manifests itself in the unit volume of swelling clay soil over time. The field studies and the construction of graphs for the settlement of the pit floor and the dependence of soil saturation depth on soaking time allowed perform the calculations using the swelling prediction method proposed by K.Terzaghi and the numerical integration method proposed by the author. The difference in results was only 9% that demonstrates the practical effectiveness of K.Terzaghi's method. 

The article is devoted to the results of a study of the effectiveness of external strengthening of reinforced concrete bending elements with reinforced basalt and fiberglass. The authors present the results of experimental studies conducted at the institute in 2025. The results of tests on strengthening bending reinforced concrete beams with basalt and fiberglass composite materials are described in detail. When testing model samples, unidirectional basalt fiber fabric and bidirectional fiberglass materials used. During the tests, the load-bearing capacity of the samples, the limit of cracking, the actual deflections depending on the load, and the tensile index of the reinforcing materials on the tensile surface of the beams recorded. In the text, based on the results of the conducted research in mathematics, recommendations given for strengthening bendable reinforced concrete structures by the method of surface gluing with accepted materials. The article presents photographic materials of the tests 

The article examines the necessity of establishing a national housing stock certification system in Azerbaijan to improve energy efficiency, environmental safety, and housing quality. Historical typical residential series and international certification standards are analyzed. Approaches are proposed for adapting key criteria to the country’s specific climatic, social, and economic conditions, thereby facilitating the implementation of “green building” practices and the sustainable development of urban areas. 

In the modern era, one of the main factors in the development of the renewable energy sector is the principle of energy efficiency, which ensures the efficient use of resources and the formation of a sustainable urban environment. This article examines energy efficiency as a strategic element of sustainable development in the process of the urban transformation of Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur economic regions. The theoretical part of the article is based on concepts of sustainable development and international experience in the application of energysaving technologies. Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur economic regions are assessed not only as an environmental priority but also as a key socio-economic resource that determines the quality of life of the population and long-term sustainability in the urban transformation process. Additionally, the analysis covers national strategies and legal initiatives aimed at forming a "green economy," as well as examples of projects implemented in Azerbaijani cities. In the context of the post-conflict reconstruction of Karabakh and Eastern Zangezur economic regions, energy efficiency acts not only as a means of reducing operating costs but also as a mechanism for increasing the resilience of the urban environment to climate and socio-economic challenges. 

The article examines the reconstruction and sustainable development of the Karabakh and East Zangezur economic regions following their liberation, focusing on the “Green Energy Zone” strategy and the implementation of the green economy. It discusses development opportunities for the region’s energy, agriculture, industry, tourism, and social infrastructure based on ecological and socio-economic principles, as well as international experiences, renewable energy, ecotourism, and environmental policies to ensure economic and social stability. The article also highlights Karabakh’s energy potential, ecological indicators, social and economic metrics, and the region’s long-term sustainable development strategy.